Agro-technical measures which should be applied during the cultivation of the wheat are:
-Choice of variety
-Herbal flow-Pre culture
-Preparation of the soil
-Planting in optimal time
-Fertilization-the optimal quantities
-Re-fertilization
-Herbal flow-Pre culture
-Preparation of the soil
-Planting in optimal time
-Fertilization-the optimal quantities
-Re-fertilization
Grain requirements for mineral substances:
Micro-elements:
-Nitrogen (N)
-Phosphorus (P205),
-Potassium (K20).
Trace elements: Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mg, Mo, etc…
Micro-elements:
-Nitrogen (N)
-Phosphorus (P205),
-Potassium (K20).
Trace elements: Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mg, Mo, etc…
Nitrogen (N)
–Nitrogen– is very important nutrientelementfor the growth and development of the the wheat crop, it is necessary during the entire vegetation period of the wheat, especially in stages III, IV and V, of the ontogjenetic development, the period of the formation of vegetative and generative organs (stalk, the ear, green ears, flowers).
–Has a great influence in shaping the overall maximum amount of vegetation.
–Large quantities of Nitrogen affect of herbs toppling to the ground, reducing yield and quality.
–Lack of Nitrogen affects growth and development in poor vegetative parts of the wheat crops.
Phosphorus (P2O5)
–This element is essential nutrient needed for the wheat crop throughout the vegetation period, especially in the initial stages of its growth and development, respectively, in the first 20-30 days of vegetation.
–Has a great influence in shaping the overall maximum amount of vegetation.
–Large quantities of Nitrogen affect of herbs toppling to the ground, reducing yield and quality.
–Lack of Nitrogen affects growth and development in poor vegetative parts of the wheat crops.
Phosphorus (P2O5)
–This element is essential nutrient needed for the wheat crop throughout the vegetation period, especially in the initial stages of its growth and development, respectively, in the first 20-30 days of vegetation.
-In the full formation stage of flowers in the green ears.
-During the period of pollination of the flowers in the green ears.
-During the period of pollination of the flowers in the green ears.
Phosphorus as a nutrient element affects in the:
-Expressed formation on wheat root system.
-The intensity of fraternization
-Increase the resistance of the wheat to low temperatures – frost.
-Potassium (K2O)
-Affects the alimentary ingredient exchange – (metabolic process) of wheat crops,
-Is part of the composition of the structure of the stem cell-its stability.
-Improves the condition of the crop entirely.
-The intensity of fraternization
-Increase the resistance of the wheat to low temperatures – frost.
-Potassium (K2O)
-Affects the alimentary ingredient exchange – (metabolic process) of wheat crops,
-Is part of the composition of the structure of the stem cell-its stability.
-Improves the condition of the crop entirely.
Micro-elements
In the growth and development of the wheat crop, great impact have, the micro-elements such as: Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, etc., of course in certain optimal amount.
Moreover found in organic fertilizers (barn), that can be given the wheat crop through foliar treatment with liquid fertilizers.
Moreover found in organic fertilizers (barn), that can be given the wheat crop through foliar treatment with liquid fertilizers.
Lands suitable for cultivation of wheat:
-Qernozem type soils
-Alluviums
-Structural-Smonica (all quality land with high creditworthiness).
-Qernozem type soils
-Alluviums
-Structural-Smonica (all quality land with high creditworthiness).
Lands not suitable:
-Vertex skeletoide shallow soil.
-Gritty
-Heavy clay
-To have a high level of underground water.
-Saline lands
-Acidic soils.
-Vertex skeletoide shallow soil.
-Gritty
-Heavy clay
-To have a high level of underground water.
-Saline lands
-Acidic soils.
Re-fertilization with Nitrogen (N)
Re-fertilization – supplementary food grain with nitrogen matters during the vegetation period is an important agro-technical measure:
-Increases in wheat yields.
-Affects the fruit quality of the wheat.
Re-fertilization – supplementary food grain with nitrogen matters during the vegetation period is an important agro-technical measure:
-Increases in wheat yields.
-Affects the fruit quality of the wheat.
Wheat re-fertilization is done only with Nitrogen fertilizers in two periods (phases)
–Re-fertilization should be done first in the third week of February and in the first week of March: from Feb. 20/ to March 15, when the wheat crop is at the stage of fraternization (depending on weather conditions).
–Re-fertilization should be done first in the third week of February and in the first week of March: from Feb. 20/ to March 15, when the wheat crop is at the stage of fraternization (depending on weather conditions).
The second re-fertilization – three to four weeks later
Optimum amounts of mineral and organic fertilizer depend on:
-Planned for the wheat yield.
-Type of land – its productive potential.
Optimum amounts of mineral and organic fertilizer depend on:
-Planned for the wheat yield.
-Type of land – its productive potential.
Pre-culture – pre
cropOptimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer / ha of active substances expressed.
The amount of elementary nitrogen is 80 to 130 kg / ha of active substance.
The amount of elementary nitrogen is 80 to 130 kg / ha of active substance.
During planting of the wheat 10-25% of nitrogenous fertilizer (with NPK) is distributed.
-For the first re-fertilization of wheat preferred is -nitrogenous fertilizer, UREA-46%. The temperature should be around 8c °. At these temperatures increases the activity of soil micro-organisms that make the final transformation of the amide nitrogen (N) in the form of assimilated nitrate for the plants. Depending on the humidity, temperature, and pH value of the soil, this transformation lasts about ten days.
-Urea should not be used in the pH-acidic soils.
–For the second re-fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer – NAG– 27%.
–For the second re-fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer – NAG– 27%.
Distribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer kg/ha
–The first re-fertilization –UREA nitrogenous fertilizer uses around 200kg/ha-46% (4-5 sacks)
–If Nitrogenous fertilizer-NAG–27% is used, around 300-350kg/ha (6-7 sacks) are distributed.
–In the first re-fertilization, approximately 70-80% of nitrogen fertilizers should be thrown.
–If Nitrogenous fertilizer-NAG–27% is used, around 300-350kg/ha (6-7 sacks) are distributed.
–In the first re-fertilization, approximately 70-80% of nitrogen fertilizers should be thrown.
The second re-fertilization
– The second re–fertilization should be applied in early April, with NAG 27% nitrogen fertilizer.
-The second re–fertilization is done depending on the current state of development of the wheat.
–In the second re-fertilization is thrown remaining amount of approximately 20-30% of nitrogenous fertilizer from the total amount.
-This fertilization has the effect of the corrector, the improver.-The distribution of organic fertilizers (reduction of mineral fertilizers for 25-30%).
-The second re–fertilization is done depending on the current state of development of the wheat.
–In the second re-fertilization is thrown remaining amount of approximately 20-30% of nitrogenous fertilizer from the total amount.
-This fertilization has the effect of the corrector, the improver.-The distribution of organic fertilizers (reduction of mineral fertilizers for 25-30%).
Wheat is among the most important arable crops, its cultivation should therefore be given special attention.
The main objective in intensive production: Increased grain yield per unit area.
